Ppt coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an appendix devoted to this subject. Coagulationflocculation treatment is commonly used to reduce the turbidity of municipal and industrial waste water, the coagulants in question typically being divalent or trivalent metallic salts or polymers that have low solubility in the ph range used. Coagulation is a process to neutralize charges and then to form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter. Pdf coagulation, flocculation and clarification of. Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process in which colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. Ppt coagulation and flocculation linkedin slideshare. The clotting system consists of a series of proteolytic reactions, in each of which an inactive precursor zymogen of a proteolytic enzyme is converted to the active enzyme. Pdf coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment.
Hence, special attention has shift towards using biodegradable polymer, chitosan in treatment, which are more environmental friendly. The significance of coagulation flocculation in the area of water and. Example problem for designing a flocculation basin. Review on chemical treatment of industrial waste water opsahu. Start studying coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications thoroughly revised and updated this new edition has been progressively modified and increased in scope to cater for the requirements of practitioners involved.
Pdf coagulation and flocculation treatment of wastewater. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. Standard practice for coagulationflocculation jar test of water 1. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended in a liquid and not actually dissolved in a solution. Pdf the aim of this paper is to provide an overall description of. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water. The water flows into a tank with paddles that provide slow mixing and bring the small particles together to. The removal of contaminants from these effluents involves the process of flocculation and coagulation. Coagulation and flocculation free download as powerpoint presentation. The process of coalescence is known as flocculation.
Terms like flocculation, aggregation, precipitation, dispersion, coacervation, f and coagulation have all been used to describe these state changes depending on reversibility, exact circumstances, and preferred terminology of the time. Coagulation and flocculation constitute the backbone processes in most water and advanced wastewater treatment plants. To aid this floc to coalesce with neighbouring particles and grow into larger flocs with more settleable masses, the water is gently stirred. Advanced treatment of laundry wastewater with coagulation.
Once coagulation has taken place, a very fine precipitate or floc will form. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Aluminum sulfate alum, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride and ferric chlorosulfate were commonly used as coagulants. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate.
The suspended particles vary considerably in source, composition charge, particle size. Prospects and challenges of using coagulationflocculation. Suspended particles cannot be removed completely by plain settling. Coagulation and rapid mixing coagulation is the process by which particles become destabilized and begin to clump together. Based on the existing literature, coagulation process. Concepts like gelation understood as partial coagulation that captured reversible changes in the state. View coagulationflocculation research papers on academia.
Coagulation is an essential component in water treatment operations. Evaluation and optimization of the coagulationrapid mixing step of the water treatment process includes a variety of aspects. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation. Two coagulants commonly used in the treatment of water are aluminium sulphate and ferric chloride. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect.
Multilizer pdf translator free version translation is limited to 3 pages per translation. Coagulation or flocculation of colloids pt i youtube. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Ene 806 project report 2 coagulation and flocculation. Floc tubes are commonly used prior to dissolved air flotation daf systems.
Flocculation is gentle stirring or agitation to encourage. Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. Coagulation and flocculation play a dominant role in many water and wastewater schemes. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Large, heavy particles settle out readily, but smaller and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some cases do not settle at all. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. From my course ees 3030, water treatment systems, in the department of environmental engineering and earth sciences at clemson university. Flocculation now that the particles have a neutral charge and can stick together. Because of this, the sedimentation step is usually preceded by a chemical process known as coagulation. In a second experiment, river water ph was adjusted at different phs between 4. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. This technique is used in treating wastewater, both industrial and treated sewage, from municipal wastewater treatment plants.
Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications thoroughly revised and updated since the 1st edition it has. In water treatment, coagulation flocculation involves the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fines into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. In the flocculated system, there is no formation of. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. Coagulation flocculation chemistry physical sciences.
There is no attempt to provide an exhaustive description of various coagulants, coagulant aids, flocculants, mechanical flocculation techniques, clarification designs or. Coagulation and flocculation download coagulation and flocculation ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. However, a possible link of alzheimers disease with conventional aluminium based coagulants has become an issue in wastewater treatment. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking.
Another type of tanks combine between flocculation and sedimentation in one tank and called solid contact flocculator clarifier. Various sizes of particles in raw water particle diameter mm type settling velocity 10 pebble 0. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Methods of coagulation part 18cbse grade 12 chemistry. This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the customer wishing to monitor these processes. Coagulationflocculation treatment of municipal wastewater. Coagulationflocculation is a widely used method for.
Many plant operators remember when dosage control was based upon a visual evaluation of the flocculation. This enables their removal by sedimentation, dissolved air flotation or filtration. Water supply system water supply system coagulation and flocculation. The purpose of the present article is to clarify and explain the processes in details along. Coagulation flocculation free download as powerpoint presentation. Coagulation is a water treatment process that causes very small suspended particles to. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information. Chitosan for coagulationflocculation processes an eco. Download pdf coagulation and flocculation free online. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation.
Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Their objective is to enhance the separation of particulate species in downstream processes such as sedimentation and filtration. Their coagulation and flocculation properties can be used to remove particulate inorganic or organic suspensions, and also dissolved organic substances. Metal salts hydrolyze rapidly in waste water to form cationic species, which are adsorbed by negatively charged dirt. The coagulation and flocculation process in three steps destabilization, aggregation and precipitation. Coagulation or flocculation of colloids pt i anand rai. Coagulation and flocculation prepared by husam alnajar the islamic university of gaza environmental engineering department water treatment eenv 4331 colour in water. Water is clarified using the processes of coagulation and flocculation, which remove suspended solids turbidity from water by causing the suspended particles to aggregate into a slime, that settles out of the water.
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